东亚沙尘区域时空变化特征分析
|
包春玲(1997-),女,内蒙古兴安盟人,硕士,主要研究方向为自然灾害监测与防治。E-mail: 13245141188@163.com |
收稿日期: 2021-04-20
录用日期: 2021-10-26
网络出版日期: 2022-01-10
基金资助
科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101301-4)
国家自然科学基金项目(41867070)
国家自然科学基金项目(41861024)
版权
Regional spatial and temporal variation characteristics of dust in East Asia
Received date: 2021-04-20
Accepted date: 2021-10-26
Online published: 2022-01-10
Copyright
沙尘天气是东亚地区常见的灾害性天气之一,强沙尘天气的发生不仅导致建筑物倒塌、人畜伤亡、植被破坏,还会导致火灾、空气污染等环境问题,对人体健康、社会经济活动及其全球沙尘循环产生重要影响。然而从东亚地区沙尘天气在长时间序列区域特征角度上系统分析的研究较少。基于此,本文利用1981—2019年东亚地区697个地面气象站点沙尘数据,分析了其区域时空分布特征。结果表明:空间上,东亚沙尘天气集中在位于内陆干旱区的蒙古国和中国西北地区,其中弱沙尘天气集中在中国北方地区,而强沙尘天气则集中在蒙古国。月变化上,东亚沙尘天气集中在春季(3—5月份),在相对低纬度的中国青藏高原北麓沙尘天气3月份最多,位于中纬度的中国北方大部分地区4月份最多,而较高纬度的哈萨克斯坦东部和蒙古国5月份最多。年际变化上,40a间东亚沙尘呈减少趋势,尤其是在2000年之后多项生态工程的有效实施下中国北方大部分区域沙尘天气显著减少,但近几年内蒙古中西部地区强沙尘天气呈增长趋势;在生态环境较脆弱的蒙古国和塔克拉玛干沙漠等区域弱沙尘天气和强沙尘天气均呈增长趋势。本研究对准确地掌握东亚沙尘分布特征和防范沙尘灾害具有重要意义。
包春玲 , 咏梅 , 金额尔德木吐 , 包玉龙 , 图布新巴雅尔 , 包玉海 . 东亚沙尘区域时空变化特征分析[J]. 地理研究, 2021 , 40(11) : 3002 -3015 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020210335
Dusty weather is one of the most common disasters in East Asia. Severe dust storm can not only lead to building collapses, the destruction of vegetation, and human and animal casualties, but also cause fires, air pollution, and other environmental problems, which has a great impact on social and economic activities and the global dust cycle. In recent years, the severe dust storm in the study area has been increasing, which seriously threatens the ecological security and socio-economic development of China and its surrounding areas. In the spring of 2021, the strongest dust event seen in the past decade occurred in northern China, which attracted wide attention from the departments concerned. However, there is relatively little research on dusty weather in East Asia from the perspective of the regional characteristics of long time series. In this paper, using data from 697 meteorological stations that recorded dusty weather in East Asia for the period from 1981 to 2019, we examined the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of dust frequency in East Asian. The results indicate that (1) spatially, East Asian dust is concentrated in the inland arid area, such as Mongolia and Northwest China. The weak dust weather is frequent in three regions— Mongolia Gobi Desert, Taklimakan Desert, and Badan Jaran Desert; while severe dust storms are frequent in two regions—northwest Mongolia and Mongolia Gobi Desert. (2) Temporally, East Asian dusty weather is concentrated in spring (March to May). Dusty weather is most frequent in March in the north of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at lower latitudes, in April in most parts of northern China at middle latitudes, and in May in eastern Kazakhstan and Mongolia at higher latitudes. (3) In the past 40 years, the dusty weather in East Asia showed a decreasing trend, especially since the effective implementation of many ecological projects after 2000, the number of dusty weather events in most parts of northern China has decreased significantly, but in the central and western parts of Inner Mongolia severe dust storm showed an increasing rend in recent years. In areas with fragile ecological environment, such as Mongolia and Taklimakan Desert, both weak and severe dust storms showed an increasing trend. This study is of great significance for understanding characteristics of dust distribution and preventing dust disasters in East Asia.
图3 1981—2019年弱沙尘天气频率月变化特征注:图中编码对应的区域名见图1。 Fig. 3 Monthly variation of Weak Dust Weather Frequency in East Asia during the 1981 to 2019 |
真诚感谢匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对本文结果分析、结论梳理方面的修改意见,使本文获益匪浅。
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
王媛媛, 王敏芝. 内蒙古局地现入春以来最强沙尘暴天气. 中国青年网, https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1633388768605212203&wfr=spider&for=pc, 2019-05-13.
[
|
| [8] |
张柏漪. 蒙古国遭遇特大沙尘暴致6人死亡80余人失踪. 央视网, https://baike.baidu.com/reference/56315464/c3a6eR7L5xtYx0bY2QQu1PpbQIcxuyurWQjr2kM9MvL2zMuT8NKy5mqrk
[
|
| [9] |
郭彦伟. 蒙古国特大沙尘暴中的最后一名失踪者已获救. 中国国家应急广播, https://baike.baidu.com/reference/56315464/bbc03ZWL6vLl2aijc4TysC3M10iL2-XTyPqYav6QMI4aTkwvd9t-
[
|
| [10] |
海闻. 北京发布沙尘暴黄色预警信号15日傍晚沙尘将逐渐减弱. 海外网, https://baike.baidu.com/reference/56316012/ba2budlo59Eta_Dt8T5jSDh4_975MvYACQxZtGxACeLtLng
[
|
| [11] |
陈飞燕. 直击北方12省市遭近10年范围最广沙尘暴, 天空一片橘色. 澎湃新闻, https://baike.baidu.com/reference/56316012/4c61XCer-YCTDn8cevlFN_H8eGzj3nYZ0L8hiXA0RWa8S
[
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
潘琳, 韩永翔, 陆正奇, 等. 北非沙尘天气时空分布特征及其远程传输路径. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(1) : 76-84.
[
|
| [26] |
孔锋. 中国灾害性沙尘天气日数的时空演变特征(1961-2017). 干旱区资源与环境, 2020, 34(8) : 116-123.
[
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
|
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
李生宇, 雷加强, 徐新文. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴发生条件分析. 应用气象学报, 2007, 18(4) : 490-496.
[
|
| [42] |
|
| [43] |
|
| [44] |
|
| [45] |
|
| [46] |
钱正安, 宋敏红, 李万元. 近50年来中国北方沙尘暴的分布及变化趋势分析. 中国沙漠, 2002, 22(2): 106-111.
[
|
| [47] |
|
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
|
| [50] |
陆均天, 邹旭恺, 王锦贵, 等. 近3年我国沙尘天气较频繁发生的原因分析. 气候与环境研究, 2003, 8(1): 107-113.
[
|
| [51] |
范一大, 史培军, 朱爱军, 等. 中国北方沙尘暴与气候因素关系分析. 自然灾害学报, 2006, 15(5): 12-18.
[
|
| [52] |
|
| [53] |
|
| [54] |
宁文晓, 刘旭阳, 王振亭. 巴丹吉林沙漠气温和降水特征及空间分层异质性. 中国科学院大学学报, 2021, 38(1): 103-113.
[
|
| [55] |
郭志梅, 缪启龙, 李雄. 中国北方地区近50年来气温变化特征的研究. 地理科学, 2005, 25(4): 66-72.
[
|
| [56] |
丁一汇, 任国玉, 石广玉, 等. 气候变化国家评估报告(I):中国气候变化的历史和未来趋势. 气候变化研究进展, 2006, 2(1): 3-8+50.
[
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |