中国海外投资项目的凑组模式研究——以中老铁路为例
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王淑芳(1979-),女,浙江金华人,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事全球化与地缘环境研究。E-mail: sfwang@tjnu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2021-08-06
录用日期: 2021-12-17
网络出版日期: 2022-09-10
基金资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD138)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971161)
国家自然科学基金项目(41701133)
Assemblage mode of China's overseas investment projects: A case study of China-Laos railway
Received date: 2021-08-06
Accepted date: 2021-12-17
Online published: 2022-09-10
“一带一路”倡议提出以来,中国海外项目投资的广度、深度及力度都在不断拓展。凑组理论将所有事物视为复杂关系的动态演变,因而从发展过程及成员关系的角度探究不同海外投资项目的凑组模式,能解构项目凑组中的复杂性并减少不确定性,对于提高项目的风险规避能力、运营能力和盈利能力具有十分重要的意义。基于凑组理论,本文构建中国海外投资项目凑组的理论框架,并以中老铁路为例解析凑组模式。研究表明:① 海外投资项目可以通过技术、产业和市场等价值关联进行凑组,因而中国企业的海外投资可以采用“以一带多,核心集聚”的方式。② 海外投资项目的类型和领域越多样越广泛,项目凑组越完整越稳定。③ 凑组所形成的空间形态取决于项目的空间分布与项目间的价值关系,中老铁路表现为“走廊”式空间形态。④ 中老铁路具备形成项目凑组的条件,但后期技术需求的不确定及相关产业下游项目投资的缺乏,使中老铁路建设带来的延伸市场缺乏项目支撑。
王淑芳 , 孙士宽 , 叶帅 . 中国海外投资项目的凑组模式研究——以中老铁路为例[J]. 地理研究, 2022 , 41(7) : 1814 -1825 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020210681
Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative, the breadth, depth, and intensity of China's overseas investment projects have been improved by leaps and bounds. The assemblage theory regards everything as the dynamic evolution of complex relationships. It examines the development process and relations between members with bottom-up thinking. Therefore, exploring the assemblage mode of different overseas investment projects can help unpack the complexity and uncertainty in project portfolios and improve their operation, economic benefits, and risk aversion. This paper constructs an assemblage framework to analyze the current situation, self-organization capacity, and assemblage mode of China's overseas investment projects and takes the China-Laos railway as an example. Key findings include: (1) Overseas investment projects can be assembled through value linkages such as technology, industry, and market. Thus, Chinese enterprises can utilize core projects to attract other projects when carrying out overseas investments, which means that large-scale overseas investment projects act as the core, and other peripheral projects provide auxiliary services. This mode can assist adaptation to the "institution-economy-culture" environment of host countries from a macro perspective and meet the practical needs of overseas investment projects at a micro level. (2) The more complex and diverse the types of investment projects are, the more integrated and stable the project assemblages are. Meanwhile, we should pay attention to the economic and social development stage in host countries so as to minimize large-scale leapfrog investment in technologies and industries. (3) The spatial pattern of project assemblage depends on the distribution of projects and the relationship between projects on value chains. The China-Laos railway appears in the "corridor" spatial form. Chinese investments mainly aggregate in the northern provinces of Laos. The high spatial proximity contributes to the formation of project assemblages. (4) China-Laos railway has the foundation to attract other industries and projects. However, the uncertainty of the subsequent technology demand and the lack of investment in downstream industries can not satisfy the extended market brought by the China-Laos railway. Therefore, it is necessary to increase investment in downstream projects of relevant industries along the railway to form the closed loop of value chains. This paper suggests that the assemblage of China's overseas investment projects should be organized in a way in which infrastructure projects serve as the basis, key projects play as the core, and private projects operate as the supplement.
表1 中老铁路沿线代表性投资项目Tab. 1 Representative investment projects along China-Laos railway |
| 项目名称 | 承建主体 | 地点 | 类型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 中老铁路 | 老中铁路有限公司 | 磨憨口岸至万象 | 交通运输 |
| 万象赛色塔综合开发区 | 云南建工集团 | 万象 | 境外经贸合作区 |
| 磨丁-磨憨边境经济合作区 | 云南海诚实业集团股份有限公司和香港福兴旅游娱乐集团有限公司 | 琅南塔省 | 跨境经济合作区 |
| 万象塔銮湖专属经济项目 | 上海万峰房地产有限公司 | 万象 | 房地产 |
| 南塔河1号水电站项目 | 南方电网国际有限责任公司 | 南塔省 | 水电项目 |
| 琅勃拉邦机场重建 | 中国进出口银行 | 琅勃拉邦省 | 交通运输 |
| 中老铁路供电项目 | 老中电力投资公司 | — | 电力配套 |
| 南京铁道职业技术学院老挝铁路培训中心 | 南京铁道职业技术 | 磨丁 | 技术培训 |
真诚感谢二位匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对凑组的内在逻辑、理论对案例研究的适用性、与经济地理学的区分等方面的修改意见,使本文获益匪浅。
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