接触型与非接触型犯罪时空稳定性对比及其联合防控——以盗窃和电信网络诈骗为例
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柳林(1965-),男,湖南湘潭人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为犯罪地理及地理信息科学研究。E-mail: liulin1@gzhu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2022-04-11
录用日期: 2022-08-17
网络出版日期: 2023-01-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42171218)
国家自然科学基金项目(41901177)
国家自然科学基金项目(42001171)
国家自然科学基金项目(41901172)
广东省自然科学基金项目(2019-A1515011065)
Comparison of spatio-temporal stability between contact crime and non-contact crime and their joint prevention and control: A study of theft and telecommunication network fraud
Received date: 2022-04-11
Accepted date: 2022-08-17
Online published: 2023-01-11
近年来,以盗窃为代表的接触型犯罪和以电信网络诈骗为代表的非接触型犯罪均呈多发态势,严重影响社会治安稳定。已有研究对不同类型犯罪分布模式的时空稳定性关注仍不够,且未能提出不同类型犯罪的空间联合防控策略。本文以ZG市HT区为例,以社区为分析单元,运用核密度估计、时空跃迁测度法等方法,对比分析2017年盗窃犯罪和电信网络诈骗犯罪的时空分布特征及其空间分布模式的月度稳定性,并从犯罪防控角度改进时空跃迁测度法,结合二阶聚类法识别两类犯罪联合防控空间类型。研究发现:① 两类犯罪时空稳定性差异大,盗窃犯罪的空间分布模式稳定,月度变化小;而电信网络诈骗犯罪空间稳定性整体波动起伏大,月度变化较大;② 识别出两类犯罪的四种联合防控空间类型,分别是“两类犯罪无需防控社区”“两类犯罪邻域防控社区”“盗窃犯罪热点防控、电信网络诈骗犯罪无需防控社区”“盗窃犯罪连片防控、电信网络诈骗综合防控社区”。该研究有助于了解接触型犯罪和非接触型犯罪时空特征的共性和差异性,给警务联合防控提供决策支持。
柳林 , 吴林琳 , 张春霞 , 宋广文 . 接触型与非接触型犯罪时空稳定性对比及其联合防控——以盗窃和电信网络诈骗为例[J]. 地理研究, 2022 , 41(11) : 2851 -2865 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020220349
In recent years, contact crime represented by theft and non-contact crime represented by telecommunication network fraud are both increasing, seriously affecting social stability and people′s property security. Previous studies have paid less attention to the spatial and temporal stability of different types of crime distribution patterns, and no research has yet compared the spatio-temporal stability of contact crime and non-contact crime. In the meantime, current studies also failed to propose spatial joint prevention and control strategies for different types of crime. This study takes HT District of ZG City as an example, takes the community as the analysis unit, uses kernel density estimation and space-time transition measure method to compare and analyze the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and monthly stability of the spatial distribution pattern of theft and telecommunication network fraud in 2017. After that, we refer to the idea of spatio-temporal transition to improve the method of space-time transition from the perspective of crime prevention and control, and then identified the spatial prevention and control types of theft and telecommunication network fraud. Based on this, combined with the method of two-step cluster to recognize the joint prevention and control spatial types of two kinds of crime. The findings are as follows: (1) The spatial and temporal stability of the two types of crime is different. The spatial distribution pattern of theft crime is stable and its spatio-temoral transition indexes of adjacent months are more than 50%. However, the spatial distribution pattern of telecommunication network fraud is unstable and fluctuates greatly on the whole. What it is worth to mention is that the pattern is especially stably in February and March. (2) Four spatial types of joint prevention and control of these two types of crimes are recognized, which are respectively "two types of crime without prevention and control communities", "two types of crime neighborhood prevention and control communities", "theft crime hotspot prevention and control, telecommunication network fraud without prevention and control communities" and "theft crime coordinated prevention and control, telecommunication network fraud comprehensive prevention and control communities". This study is helpful to understand the similarities and differences between contact crime and non-contact crime in time and space, and provide guidance for police prevention and control.
图5 电信网络诈骗犯罪2月和3月警情莫兰散点的空间分布Fig. 5 The spatial distribution of Moran scatter of telecom network fraud in February and March |
表1 电信网络诈骗犯罪2—3月莫兰散点的时空跃迁模式Tab. 1 The space-time transition pattern of telecom network fraud in February and March |
| 类型 | 时空跃迁模式 | 跃迁个数 | 占比(%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type1 | HH2→HH3 | 12 | 5.36 |
| LH2→LH3 | 50 | 22.32 | |
| LL2→LL3 | 136 | 60.71 | |
| Type 2 | HH2→LH3 | 7 | 3.13 |
| LH2→HH3 | 8 | 3.57 | |
| HL2→LL3 | 1 | 0.45 | |
| Type3 | LL2→LH3 | 2 | 0.89 |
| HL2→HH3 | 1 | 0.45 | |
| LH2→LL3 | 6 | 2.68 |
图6 月尺度下盗窃犯罪防控类型跃迁强度(E指数)曲线Fig. 6 The transition intensity (E index) curve of theft prevention and control types at monthly scale |
表2 基于防控类型特征的二阶聚类结果Tab. 2 The result of two-step cluster based on the characteristics of prevention and control types |
| 犯罪类型 | 防控类型(求和项) | 聚类结果 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A类 | B类 | C类 | D类 | ||
| 盗窃犯罪 | 连片防控 | 44 | 38 | 21 | 402 |
| 热点防控 | 156 | 3 | 238 | 47 | |
| 邻域防控 | 219 | 308 | 3 | 110 | |
| 无需防控 | 733 | 41 | 53 | 5 | |
| 电信网络诈骗犯罪 | 连片防控 | 75 | 17 | 53 | 153 |
| 热点防控 | 64 | 8 | 82 | 62 | |
| 邻域防控 | 297 | 197 | 53 | 178 | |
| 无需防控 | 710 | 153 | 115 | 140 | |
图8 两类犯罪联合防控空间类型及主要设施的分布Fig. 8 Spatial types of joint prevention and control of two types of crimes and distribution of main facilities |
表3 两类犯罪联合防控空间类型及其特征Tab. 3 Spatial types and characteristics of joint prevention and control of two types of crimes |
| 代码 | 含义 | 社区数(个) | 社区自身分布设施 | 社区邻域分布设施 | 特征 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 两类犯罪无需防控 | 107 | 居住小区、高校等设 施较多 | 高校、体育馆等设施数量多 | 自身社区住房特征表现为商品房、经适房,人群类型有专业技术人员、老龄人等,邻域设施管理条件好,监控水平高 |
| B | 两类犯罪邻域防控 | 36 | 植物园、森林公园等 占主导 | 以工业区、职业技术学院、住宅小区等设施为主,城中村多 | 自身用地单一,周边用地多样,人口结构复杂 |
| C | 盗窃犯罪热点防控、电信网络诈骗犯罪无需防控 | 29 | 部分社区是CBD所在地,医院、高校、中学等设施多 | 高尔夫球场、科研院所、科技园区居多,治安管理水平高 | 社区自身设施多具有集聚人群的功能,邻近区域治安管理水平高 |
| D | 盗窃犯罪连片防控、电信网络诈骗犯罪综合防控 | 52 | 部分社区是CBD、城中村等所在地,分散着购物中心、体育馆、住宅小区、中学、高校等设施 | 部分社区是CBD、城中村等所在地,分散着购物中心、体育馆、住宅小区、中学、高校等设施 | 与C类存在共性,社区多分布人群集聚场所;城中村和经济适用房中低收入人群多 |
真诚感谢审稿专家在论文评审中对本文概念界定、文字表述、图片展示、现象解释、语言梳理等方面提出的宝贵意见和修改建议,使本文逻辑更加严谨、行文表述更加准确。
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