国际水政治研究进展与政治地理学展望
张文雅(1995-),女,海南海口人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为全球治理和环境政治。E-mail: wenyazhang@link.cuhk.edu.hk |
收稿日期: 2020-04-27
录用日期: 2022-08-15
网络出版日期: 2023-01-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41801132)
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(17YJCZH183)
广东省自然科学基金项目(2018A030313964)
A review of transboundary hydropolitical research and a political geographical outlook
Received date: 2020-04-27
Accepted date: 2022-08-15
Online published: 2023-01-11
国际河流因涉及国家间的资源归属和主权事务而具有强烈的政治属性。尽管国际水政治相关的权力和空间议题已成为国际学界的热点之一,但尚未在国内政治地理学者中得到充分关注。结合质性系统性综述与文献计量学方法,对1990—2020年Web of Science核心合集中235篇与CNKI数据库中158篇国际水政治文章进行回顾。结果表明,国际水政治研究呈现多学科介入的特点,中文研究侧重国际关系和国际法议题,英文研究则以政治地理学和政治生态学为主要理论基础。总体而言,在水冲突与合作、话语批判、水-社会关系三大研究主题下,既有研究不仅通过多元主体和话语建构回应“领域陷阱”的局限性,还从辩证和关系视角丰富水的本体论和认识论,从而推进了国际水政治的研究议程。本文认为,政治地理学者可从空间、领域、尺度等角度进一步深化国际水政治研究,为全球治理和可持续发展贡献地理学的理论和思考。
张文雅 , 刘晓凤 , 王雨 . 国际水政治研究进展与政治地理学展望[J]. 地理研究, 2022 , 41(11) : 2963 -2978 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020200352
Transboundary water governance is an important geopolitical issue because it is associated with states′ natural resources ownership and sovereignty. Although the spatial politics of the transboundary watersheds have attracted considerable attention in Western academia, the research from domestic political geographers remains scant. To better capture the research trends and themes of transboundary hydropolitics, this study conducts qualitative systematic and bibliometrics-based literature reviews on 235 English articles from the Web of Science Core Collection and 158 Chinese articles from the CNKI database between 1990 and 2020. It shows that transboundary hydropolitics research is highly interdisciplinary. The English literature mainly covers geography, critical geopolitics and political ecology, while Chinese studies primarily draw on international relations and international law. Both English and Chinese researchers have paid the most attention to water cooperation and conflicts. Whereas such topics as "space", "territory", and "state" have gained popularity in English studies, Chinese articles are more concerned about water diplomacy and other issues of reality. Water cooperation and conflicts, critical and discursive analysis, and hydro-social relations jointly constitute three pillars of transboundary hydropolitics research. The research on the first topic evolved from a conflict-cooperation dualism to the transboundary water interaction, highlighting the power asymmetries, actions and strategies among the countries. However, this line of inquiry is subject to the "territorial trap" due to its state-centricity and statist understanding of sovereignty. Against this backdrop, critical hydropolitics and securitization theory have examined multiscalar actors′ representative, discursive, and imaginative practices, which provides a more subtle and dynamic analysis of power relations. Moreover, the realist thinking of water conflict and cooperation research has given rise to the dichotomy of nature and society, which treats water as the object of interstate competition. Drawing on a dialectical and relational ontology of water, some political ecologists and political geographers investigated the hydro-social relations via the frameworks of the waterscape, hydro-social cycle, hydro-social territories, etc. This research assists in analyzing the spatial deployment of power and the mutual construction process of power and nature. We argue that political geographers may contribute to the geopolitical analysis of the international river by engaging in the discussion of space, territory, and scale.
表1 国际水政治研究关键词热点演变Tab. 1 Keyword burst of literature on transboundary hydropolitics |
英文关键词 | 强度 | 起始年 | 结束年 | 中文关键词 | 强度 | 起始年 | 结束年 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle East | 1.84 | 1997 | 2002 | 开发 | 1.19 | 2003 | 2008 |
Ecosystem | 1.62 | 2001 | 2006 | 保护 | 1.13 | 2008 | 2009 |
Policy | 3.30 | 2009 | 2013 | 安全 | 1.11 | 2009 | 2010 |
Territorial | 1.84 | 2011 | 2012 | 图们江 | 1.58 | 2012 | 2013 |
Geography | 2.11 | 2013 | 2017 | 合作机制 | 1.28 | 2012 | 2014 |
Resource | 2.96 | 2014 | 2016 | 流域治理 | 1.94 | 2014 | 2016 |
Politics | 1.88 | 2014 | 2017 | 跨界河流 | 1.42 | 2016 | 2018 |
State | 2.97 | 2016 | 2020 | 中亚 | 2.55 | 2017 | 2018 |
Impact | 2.06 | 2018 | 2020 | 水外交 | 1.98 | 2017 | 2020 |
Space | 2.44 | 2018 | 2020 | 全球治理 | 1.09 | 2018 | 2020 |
注:数据源于笔者整理。 |
真诚感谢二位匿名评审专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对本文整体结构布局、理论梳理、观点论证等方面的修改意见,使本文获益匪浅。
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