从发现到超越: 西方乡村发展思想的理论脉络与研究展望
|
刘轩(1999-),男,江西萍乡人,博士研究生,研究方向为乡村韧性。E-mail: liuxuan_0516@126.com |
收稿日期: 2024-01-16
录用日期: 2024-07-19
网络出版日期: 2024-11-07
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371305)
国家社会科学基金项目(19BGL154)
From discovery to transcendence: Theoretical evolution and research prospects of Western rural development thought
Received date: 2024-01-16
Accepted date: 2024-07-19
Online published: 2024-11-07
乡村如何发展一直是全球可持续发展的核心问题,更是地理学研究的重要议题之一。本研究通过对西方乡村发展文献的系统综述,旨在总结其思想的理论演进脉络并展望研究议题。总体来看,西方乡村发展思想经历了从简单向复杂、从单一到多元的阶梯式演化历程,在百年学术积淀与实践探索中,遵循着“发现乡村—重塑乡村—超越乡村”的演化轨迹,形成了跨学科、多理论、宽视野的理论格局。在“发现乡村”时期,城市研究的兴起引发了对乡村现象与问题的关注,并催生出早期乡村发展思想;在“重塑乡村”阶段,伴随着乡村社会转型与学术研究复苏,乡村发展思想的核心内涵与特征得到重新定义;在“超越乡村”时期,西方出现大量“不是乡村的乡村”实例,乡村发展思想在对象、目标和手段层面有了显著突破。当前,中国乡村发展处于独特的时代背景下,未来应加强对中国式乡村地理和城乡治理问题的关注,致力于本土概念与理论的建构;突破西方城市中心主义的桎梏,总结中国乡村发展的典型案例,走“以农为本”的差异化发展道路。
刘轩 , 刘祖云 , 杜焱强 . 从发现到超越: 西方乡村发展思想的理论脉络与研究展望[J]. 地理研究, 2024 , 43(11) : 2989 -3006 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020240056
Rural development has long been a pivotal concern in the pursuit of global sustainable development, and it remains a fundamental topic within the field of geography. This study provides a systematic review of the Western literature on rural development, with the objective of summarizing the theoretical evolution of rural development ideas and forecasting potential future research directions. The development of Western rural thought has undergone a significant evolution, transitioning from simplicity to complexity and from a singular to a diversified perspective. Over the past century, this body of thought has been shaped by extensive academic research and practical exploration, following a discernible trajectory of "discovering the rural-reshaping the rural-transcending the rural". This trajectory has led to the establishment of a multidisciplinary, multi-theoretical, and broad-based theoretical framework that continues to influence contemporary discussions on rural development. In the "discovering the rural" phase, the emergence of urban studies brought rural issues into focus, which subsequently led to the formulation of early rural development theories. This period was marked by an increasing awareness of rural phenomena and challenges that had previously been overlooked. Moving into the "reshaping the rural" phase, the transformation of rural societies, coupled with a resurgence of academic interest, led to a redefinition of the core tenets and characteristics of rural development thought. This phase emphasized the dynamic and transformative potential of rural areas in response to broader socio-economic changes. Finally, in the "transcending the rural" phase, Western scholars began to explore the concept of "non-rural rural areas," highlighting the blurring boundaries between rural and urban spaces and signaling significant breakthroughs in the objects, goals, and methods of rural development.Given the unique socio-historical context of contemporary China, it is imperative that future research prioritizes the study of China's rural geography and urban-rural governance. This research should aim to construct indigenous concepts and theoretical frameworks that reflect China's unique rural characteristics. Additionally, there is a need to challenge the dominant Western urban-centric paradigms by documenting and analyzing typical cases of rural development in China. By doing so, China can carve out a differentiated path of development that is deeply rooted in its agricultural heritage and aligned with its national priorities.
表1 西方乡村发展思想的历史阶段及特征Tab. 1 Historical stages and characteristics of Western rural development thought |
| 时间划分 | 理论阶段 | 发展观念 | 理论视角 | 研究主题 | 研究特点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20世纪50年代前 | 发现乡村阶段 | 以生产主义、城市偏向为核心,乡村主要进行农业生产的传统发展理念 | 朴素发展观 城市偏向观念 生产主义观念 福特主义观念 | 乡村聚落与景观 城市化现象 土地利用形态 农业生产与经济活动 | 乡村研究被边缘化,主题单一,以定性描述和小范围实地考察为主,缺乏系统分析和实证检验 |
| 20世纪60—80年代 | 重塑乡村阶段 | 关注乡村的结构功能“重塑”, 聚焦乡村地方性与独特性,强调均衡发展 | 现代化理论 调节主义 后福特主义 后生产主义 | 乡村环境、乡村工业、乡村旅游、后生产乡村、乡村性、舒适性、乡村消费、乡村空间等 | 乡村研究领域大幅扩展并逐步体系化,呈现出多视角、多学科的特点,涌现出多样化的研究风格 |
| 20世纪90年代后 | 超越乡村阶段 | 超越二元视域,以科技引领和全球共识为核心,追求综合福祉与可持续发展 | 后现代后结构主义 新内生理论 流动性理论 社会转型理论 | 智慧乡村、韧性乡村、全球乡村、反思乡村性、乡村创新、可持续发展、生物生态转向、多功能 | 乡村研究超越传统框架,涌现出全新理论、视角与方法,强调综合性研究与政策实践,学科融合加深,研究水准显著提高 |
真诚感谢匿名审稿专家在论文评审中所付出的时间和精力,评审专家对本文结构调整、文献综述逻辑、分析对象的精准性等方面提出的宝贵修改意见,使本文在这些方面得到了显著提升。专家的无私奉献和宝贵意见,使本文获益匪浅。
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
刘祖云, 周军, 等. 乡村振兴学术观察(2020). 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2022: 233.
[
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
解安, 林进龙. 中国式现代化对西式现代化的超越: 乡村发展视域的解释. 理论探讨, 2023, (1): 147-155.
[
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
刘景华. 农村城镇化: 欧洲的经历与经验. 历史教学问题, 2018, (1): 18-27.
[
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
夏薇, 朱信凯, 杨晓婷. 法国重农学派经济思想及对中国农业改革的启示. 政治经济学评论, 2017, 8(5): 171-188.
[
|
| [11] |
潘晔. 城乡关系研究的演变逻辑与评析. 经济问题, 2020, (4): 77-85.
[
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
胡书玲, 余斌, 王明杰. 乡村重构与转型:西方经验及启示. 地理研究, 2019, 38(12): 2833-2845.
[
|
| [16] |
叶超, 陈明星. 国外城乡关系理论演变及其启示. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2008, 18(1): 34-39.
[
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
赵伟佚, 潘玮, 李裕瑞. 县域内城乡融合发展: 理论内涵与研究进展. 地理研究, 2023, 42(6): 1445-1464.
[
|
| [19] |
中国科学院国情分析研究小组编. 城市与乡村:中国城乡矛盾与协调发展研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994: 33.
[Edited by the National Conditions Analysis Research Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Urban and Rural:A Study on Urban-Rural Contradiction and Coordinated Development in China. Beijing: Science Press, 1994: 33.]
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
埃米尔·涂尔干. 社会分工论. 张鹏, 译. 长春: 吉林出版集团股份有限公司, 2017: 63, 114.
[
|
| [22] |
白吕纳. 人地学原理. 任美愕, 李旭旦, 译. 南京: 钟山书局, 1935: 10-27.
[ Byruna. Principles of Anthropology. Translated by Ren Meiyi, Li Xudan. Nanjing: Zhongshan Book Company, 1935: 10-27.]
|
| [23] |
Anonymous. The town planning review 1910-2010: Continuity and change. The Town Planning Review, 2010, 81(1): III-X. DOI: 10.3828/tpr.2009.20.
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
张英男, 龙花楼, 马历, 等. 城乡关系研究进展及其对乡村振兴的启示. 地理研究, 2019, 38(3): 578-594.
[
|
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
费景汉, 拉尼斯. 劳动剩余经济的发展:理论与对策. 北京: 经济科学出版社, 1992: 4.
[
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
|
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
|
| [42] |
|
| [43] |
|
| [44] |
|
| [45] |
|
| [46] |
|
| [47] |
|
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
|
| [50] |
|
| [51] |
|
| [52] |
|
| [53] |
|
| [54] |
|
| [55] |
|
| [56] |
|
| [57] |
|
| [58] |
|
| [59] |
|
| [60] |
|
| [61] |
|
| [62] |
|
| [63] |
|
| [64] |
|
| [65] |
|
| [66] |
|
| [67] |
|
| [68] |
|
| [69] |
|
| [70] |
|
| [71] |
|
| [72] |
|
| [73] |
|
| [74] |
|
| [75] |
|
| [76] |
|
| [77] |
|
| [78] |
|
| [79] |
|
| [80] |
|
| [81] |
|
| [82] |
|
| [83] |
|
| [84] |
|
| [85] |
|
| [86] |
|
| [87] |
|
| [88] |
|
| [89] |
|
| [90] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |