GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH

The evolutionary game and mechanism analysis of China-India border conflicts from the perspective of country geo-getting perspective

GE Xurui, LI Cansong, NIU Fuchang, QIAN Jingfan, HUANG Yu, YE Shuai

GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2026, 45(4): 871-889. DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020241006

时间	法案	内容
1951年	东北边境条例	非法侵占中国领土，并单方面建立所谓的“东北边境特区”
1972年	东北地区（改组）法案	将非法侵占的“麦克马洪线”以南中国领土由所谓的“东北边境特区”名称改为“Arunachal Pradesh”
1986年	涉中国藏南地区法案	单方面升级为所谓的“阿鲁纳恰尔邦”
2019年	宪法第370条	成立“查谟和克什米尔中央直辖区”和“拉达克中央直辖区”，强行将中国领土划入其版图

Tab. 3 Acts introduced in India on disputed areas

Other figure/table from this article

Fig. 1 Game analysis framework for the evolution of China-India border conflict under the perspective of country-specific geo-setting
Tab. 1 Game strategy combinations of game subjects
Fig. 2 China-India GDP comparison, 1960-2024
Tab. 2 Geo-relationships of typical conflict events
Fig. 3 Geopolitical relations between China and major powers
Fig. 4 “T”-shaped, bipolar coupling, radiation-encirclement geo-structures in 1962, 1987, and 2020
Tab. 4 The back and forth game of the 1962, 1987, and 2020 China-India border conflict incidents
Fig. 5 Bilateral trade between India and China and other countries at global, regional and national scales, 1993-2021
Fig. 6 Mechanisms for the formation of incomplete information in the context of cross-domain interactions
Fig. 7 Cross-scale coupling and game of multiple actors
Fig. 8 Geo-setting and gaming feedback loop mechanisms