区域发展是区域产业不断演化、转型与升级的过程。近年来发展起来的演化经济地理学旨在通过分析企业进入、成长、衰退和退出等动态过程阐释企业、产业、集群、网络、城市和区域的空间演化,认为区域产业发展演化遵循路径依赖,并决定于产业技术关联。然而路径依赖式演化理论过于强调内生发展过程,忽视了外生因素和制度变革带来的路径创造机会。中国处于经济转型时期,区域产业结构变动剧烈。技术关联推动了区域产业演化,显示中国区域产业演化具有路径依赖性,同时市场化、全球化和分权化的经济转型过程为区域产业发展创造了新路径。外部联系、制度安排、行为主体的战略性行为等促进了路径创造。

Regional development is a process in which industries develop, transform and upgrade constantly. Evolutionary economic geography understands the spatial evolution of firm, industry, cluster, network, city and region through the lens of firm entry, growth and exit, and argues that regional industrial evolution is path dependent and determined by inter-industrial technological relatedness. However, path dependence theory overemphasizes the endogenous factors in regional industrial development and ignores the critical role of external linkages and institutional factors, which would bring path creation for regional development. In China, there has been dramatic transformation in regional industrial structure since the economic reform. Empirical studies indicate that technological relatedness has indeed significantly determined regional industrial evolution, suggesting a path dependent process. Meanwhile, marketization, globalization and regional decentralization provide great opportunities to create new industries for regional development. In particular, external linkage, institutional factors and purposeful and strategic actions of local actors would stimulate path creation.

区域产业动态是经济地理学的经典研究主题。不同尺度的传统经济地理研究常以企业、产业和区域为研究对象,忽略了不同个体之间的关联。近年来,经济地理学增加了关于企业关联的研究,但对于产业关联和区域关联的关注仍显不足。基于关联视角,本文首先围绕产业关联和区域关联等概念探讨了关联的形成机制,进一步梳理关于产业关联、区域关联与区域产业动态的研究进展,并为未来区域产业动态研究提出相关建议。与企业关联相同,产业和区域关联也与个体间的要素流动有关。现有研究表明产业关联有助于揭示区域产业演化规律,而区域关联会通过区域间要素流动影响区域产业动态。关联视角是区域产业动态研究的新视角,具有较大的研究潜力,值得引起经济地理学者们的关注。

Chinese economic development has experienced a rapid transformation since 1978 due to the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy. Arguably the research of regional industry dynamics is at the core of economic geography. Traditional researches in economic geography tend to focus on individuals such as firms, industries and regions, ignoring the relationship between them. Over the past few years, much progress has been made in researches on the relatedness of firms, while the relatedness of industries and regions is still not paid sufficient attentions. From the perspective of relatedness, this paper attempts to shed some light on the linkages of industries and regions, and explore their formation mechanisms. It puts forward that the translocal linkages and resource mobilization on different scales are sources of the relatedness of firms, industries and regions. In addition, this paper also sketches out how industrial relatedness and regional relatedness influences regional industrial dynamics. As for industrial relatedness, evolutionary economic geography (EEG) theories based on a network model named the "product space" have adopted a view that regional spillovers from related, yet not too proximate industries will endogenously induce new industries in a region through processes of recombinatorial innovation. The vast majority of empirical case studies have confirmed these theories. Regional industrial dynamics has thus far largely been conceptualized as an endogenous process, underplaying exogenously-driven forms of regional relatedness. Then, this paper provides a systematic conceptual analysis of the role regional relatedness may play for industrial dynamics in regions. Good connections between the regions improve matching on labour markets, speeding up knowledge flows and plausibly fostering learning which will contribute to the reciprocal industrial dynamics of geographically distant regions. Accordingly, this paper argues that future studies can further investigate the regional development from a relatedness perspective: (1) pay more attention to the industrial relatedness, such as its indirect links, link strengths and industrial relatedness dynamics; (2) enhance the understanding of the properties of regional relatedness and draw on network analysis approaches; (3) forge a link between industrial relatedness and regional relatedness. Emanated from different disciplines, the new perspective of relatedness in the study of regional industry dynamics provides a sound basis for understanding China's special development path and deserves the attention of economic geography scholars. Besides, there is rapidly expanding various data of relatedness which will make the perspective of relatedness more potential in the future.

建设国际科技创新中心是粤港澳大湾区新时代最有共识、最有优势、最富挑战的战略方向,亟需国际科技创新中心建设的理论探索。国内外经典创新系统理论更加专注于创新系统内部,注重单一空间的创新要素与创新活动组织问题,忽视了全球和区域之间要素的关联模式,缺乏在全球视野下宏观与微观结合的综合观察。由此,本文在总结国内外经典创新系统理论的基础上,构建了全球视野下的以“科技”和“人才”为核心,以“科技-产业-全球生产网络”和“人才-环境-世界城市网络”为链条的国际科技创新中心理论模式,认为国际科技创新中心是全球创新网络、全球生产网络和世界城市网络三重网络结构的核心节点,建设国际科技创新中心需要实现三重网络的协同效应。在这样的理论框架下,分析了粤港澳大湾区双核心与双链条的发展情况,并以此提出了粤港澳大湾区建设国际科技创新中心的路径和相关建议。

Developing the region into an international innovation and technology hub is the most common, the most advantageous, and the most challenging strategic direction for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the new era. There is an urgent need for the theoretical research and developing studies of the international innovation and technology hubs. Classical theories of the innovation systems focus more on the interior of innovation systems, paying attention to innovation elements and organization of innovation activities in a single space, but neglect the inextricable link between global and local elements and organizations, lacking comprehensive observations combining macro and micro perspectives. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the classic innovation system theories, this paper constructs a theoretical model with global vision for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area constituting international innovation and technology hubs: "Science and technology" and "talent" are the cores, and "science and technology-industry-global production network" and "talent-environment-world city network" are two chains. Focusing on science and technology and the pooling of talents, it is needed to gather elements of innovative resources, enhance regional innovation capabilities, drive industrial transformation and upgrading, and improve urban functions and environments, so as to reshape the role in the global production network and the world city network. It is considered that the international innovation and technology hubs are the core nodes of the triple networks: global innovation network, global production network and world city network. To develop into an international science and technology innovation center, it is necessary to upgrade its strength and position in the three networks at the same time. Compared with the existing innovation system theories, the new model attaches importance to the internal and external relations with both global and local visions, in which the chain structure avoids the simple listing of elements, but emphasizes the mechanisms of the innovation system. Under this theoretical framework, the double-cores (talent & science and technology) and double-chains (science and technology-industry-global production network & talent-environment-world city network) of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are analyzed, and the paths for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area developing into an international technological innovation center are proposed. This paper provides an explanatory tool for the organizing similarities and differences between international innovation and technology hubs under the background of globalization, which is a supplement to the theories of innovation systems.

粤港澳大湾区一体化过程中存在跨社会制度、跨法律体系、跨行政等级的复杂性,必然会遭遇一系列的摩擦。发掘粤港澳之间合作与冲突的焦点与关键时间节点,是对粤港澳大湾区一体化研究的重要补充。本文通过GDELT全球新闻事件数据库梳理了粤港澳大湾区一体化发展的历史和现状,对粤港澳三地互动关系进行研究。结果发现：① 内地与香港关系呈现出“M”型波动,两者之间的冲突被新闻媒体有所强化。② 内地与澳门之间的政策与民意表现为较高的一致性,两者之间的言语合作是互动关系的主导因素。③ 内地与港澳之间的互动关系总体上变得更加紧密,合作与冲突的频率都在上涨,内地—香港关系在粤港澳互动关系中的重要性不断被凸显。④ 粤港澳大湾区一体化建设的推进过程中,实际合作项目相对短缺,缺少多元化的抓手。粤港的经济和科技的竞合关系和香港局势的发展是粤港澳互动关系的主要影响因素。未来,粤港澳大湾区区域协调发展不仅要关注区域政策在空间上的投影,更要关注其在社会舆论与新闻媒体上的投影,促进一体化建设从实体空间建设向虚拟、话语空间的综合引导转变,强化“硬联通”与“软联通”的互动。

The integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will inevitably encounter a series of frictions because of the cross-social system, cross-legal system and cross-administrative hierarchy. Research on the cooperation and conflict between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is an important supplement to the integration study of the area. This paper reviews the process of integration development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1997 to 2019 through the global news event database GDELT. The results show that: (1) the relationship between China's mainland and Hong Kong presents a "M" type fluctuation, and the conflict between them has been amplified by the news media compared with the mainland-Macao relationship. (2) The policy and public opinion between China's mainland and Macao are highly consistent, as the verbal cooperation between them is the leading factor of the interaction. (3) The interaction between China's mainland, Hong Kong and Macao has generally become closer, along with the increasing frequency of cooperations and conflicts. The importance of the mainland-Hong Kong relationship in the interactive relationship between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao has been increasingly highlighted. (4) Material cooperation projects are still insufficient in the process of the regional integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and there is an urgent need for diversified cooperation. The economic and technological competitions and cooperations between Guangdong and Hong Kong are the main factors affecting the interactive relationship between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, as well as the tensions in Hong Kong. In the future, the coordinated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should focus on not only the projection of regional policies on space, but also its projection on social public opinion and the news media. It is necessary to combine the integration of physical space and virtue/discourse space, and strengthen the interactions between "hard connection" and "soft connection".

信息化对传统经济地理学的许多理论和概念提出了新的挑战.其中,尤其值得关注的是信息化对传统区位理论提出的挑战以及赋予其的新活力.本文首先分析信息技术广泛应用对企业区位因子的影响,然后深入探讨信息技术对企业区位产生影响的机制,最后通过美特斯邦威案例进行验证.研究表明,信息化逐渐成为企业区位选择的核心因素之一;同时,信息化也对其他区位因子产生重要影响,主要表现为促进传统物质区位因子的弱化以及带来新区位因子作用的不断突显.在信息技术驱动的企业区位再选择的过程中,“时间成本”是决定新区位的核心机制.

The wide application of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) has been argued to be critical to spatial transformation of firms. Recent advances in the studies along this line have challenged traditional location theory. Existing literature, however, focuses mainly on the impacts of new ICTs on locational conditions and industrial spatial distribution. Dynamics behind such changes have not yet been given sufficient attention by geographers. It is against such a background that this paper takes Metersbonwe as a case to look into the impacts of new ICTs on traditional location theory and the dynamics of industrial re-location enabled by new ICTs. The paper argues that the application of new ICTs has been a key location factor in the information age, and time-cost is becoming critical to the spatial organization of firms as a result of shorter product life and mass customization in particular among other dynamics.

基于扩展引力模型和演化经济地理理论,利用2002-2011年中国海关数据库,采用核密度分布和计量经济模型等方法,考察中国城市出口市场的空间演化路径及其微观机制。基于共存分析方法测算的国家间市场相似度在方法上有所创新,将演化经济地理研究中的“路径”成功量化。全国样本的研究结果表明：城市和企业两个层面的演化路径证明了扩展引力模型的基本结论,说明与过去出口市场相似度越高的国家,被城市和企业扩展为新市场的概率越大,证实了中国出口市场的空间演化是遵循路径依赖的。此外,还发现城市与企业之间的协同演化过程：东部城市表现出路径突破,而企业层面的能力可能是城市路径突破的重要来源;同时,城市层面的知识溢出对企业市场演化有显著的正向影响。总之,城市与企业之间相互影响、协同演化是中国出口市场空间演化的重要机制。

Based on the extended gravity model and evolutionary economic geography, this paper uses Kernel density distribution and econometric models to investigate the path of export market expansion in urban China and its micro-mechanism at the firm level by using 2002-2011 China Customs Database. To quantify the evolutionary path of export market expansion, this paper measures the inter-national market similarity based on the co-occurrence analysis and then calculates the market similarity between export destinations and firms' (or cities') export market network, which is used as an important explanatory variable in the econometric models. The results show that the market that is more similar to cities or firms' previous destinations is more likely to be expanded as a new destination, implying that cities' and firms' export market expansion in China presents the pattern of path dependence. This study also examines the co-evolution of cities' and firms' market expansion. The city-level evolution in the east is path created, which may derive from firms' path dependence. Knowledge spillover effect within the same city plays a significantly positive role in the firms' market evolution. Therefore, the co-evolution of cities' and firms' market expansion is the key mechanism of export market expansion path in China.

This article presents estimates of the impact of regional variety and trade linkages on regional economic growth by means of export and import data by Italian province (NUTS 3) and sector (three‐digit) for the period 1995–2003. Our results show strong evidence that related variety contributes to regional economic growth. Thus, Italian regions that are well endowed with sectors that are complementary in terms of competences (i.e., that show related variety) perform better. The article also assesses the effects of the breadth and relatedness of international trade linkages on regional growth, since they may bring new and related variety to a region. Our analysis demonstrates that regional growth is not affected by simply being well connected to the outside world or having a high variety of knowledge flowing into the region. Rather, we found evidence of related extraregional knowledge sparking intersectoral learning across regions. When the cognitive proximity between the extraregional knowledge and the knowledge base of a region is neither too small nor too large, real learning opportunities are present, and the external knowledge contributes to growth in regional employment.

Using a firm-product-level data set on China's exports during the period 2000-11, we compare the impacts of intra- and inter-firm knowledge spillovers on the emergence of new, more sophisticated products at the firm level. Empirical results indicate that firm diversification is dependent on both intra- and inter-firm knowledge spillovers, though the effect of the former is much greater. More importantly, intra-firm knowledge spillovers are one key source of firm upgrading. In contrast, inter-firm knowledge spillovers even have some negative impacts on firm upgrading in the Chinese context, though it contributes to firm diversification. We further analyze how the roles of intra- and inter-firm knowledge spillovers in firm upgrading are contingent on regional institutional context.

Since the early 1980s, social scientists have increas ingly focused upon the significance of the region to the organization of economic life. This article considers three main lines of analysis which have emerged. These concentrate respectively on insti tutions, industrial organization and transactions, and technological change and learning. Each has made strong claims about the role of the region. I argue here, however, that none has yet developed a wholly convincing explanation for the resurgence of regional economies. To do this it is necessary to understand the region as a locus of untraded interdependencies. This has implications for how we think about regional and industrial policies. I illustrate these points with some remarks on regional policies in contemporary Europe.

全球化带来的新国际劳动分工使全球生产网络(Global Production Network, GPN)成为研究全球经济与区域发展的重要框架。与此同时,金融在现代社会经济运行中的地位日益提升,经济金融化在全球不同尺度下深刻影响着经济活动的空间分布和网络。因此,金融已经成为GPN研究不能忽略的重要环节。更重要的是,金融化带来的逻辑也日益深刻地影响到GPN的演化和运行。尽管GPN研究日益重视金融的作用,并开始研究金融业的全球生产网络,但是随着越来越多的企业通过获得国际股权投资或者在境外资本市场上市等方式融入全球资本市场,主要从生产角度理解地方经济融入全球过程的GPN难以对该现象深入分析。全球金融网络(Global Financial Network, GFN)为刻画和分析这个过程提供了新的框架。在这个分析框架中,地方经济体通过高级商业服务业(Advanced Business Service, ABS)企业与世界城市(国际金融中心)和离岸管辖区产生联系,从而融入GFN。论文介绍了GFN的基本结构,探讨了地方经济融入GFN的主要方式及其产生的影响。最后,提出GFN未来在理论和实证方面可继续深入研究的方向。

The new international division of labor brought about by globalization has made the global production network (GPN) an important framework for the study of global economic and regional development. At the same time, the status of finance in the operation of modern social economic systems is increasing. Economic financialization has a significant impact on the spatial distribution and network of economic activities at different scales in the world. Therefore, finance has become the necessary basis of production activities in GPN. More importantly, the logic brought by financialization has profoundly affected the operation and change of GPN. Although GPN research has been paying attention to the role of finance and has begun to study the GPN of financial industry, inadequacies still exist. As increasingly more firms are integrated into the global capital market by obtaining international equity investment or listing in overseas capital market, it is difficult for the GPN framework to thoroughly analyze this phenomenon. Global financial Network (GFN) provides a new framework for describing and analyzing this process. In this analytical framework, local economies connect with world cities (international financial centers) and offshore financial jurisdictions through advanced business service (ABS) firms, thus forming GFN. This article first introduced the basic concept of GFN, including its main entities and network structure. Then we discussed the ways and further influences for cities or regions to integrate into GFN, focusing on the global-local economic linkages built by this process. Finally, we put forward the direction of further theoretical and empirical research of GFN in the future.

基于投入?产出研究框架，分别采用传统SBM模型、非期望产出SBM模型及两阶段网络DEA模型分析2000—2015年中国各省区市的资源生产率、生态效率及两阶段系统下的资源生产率和环境效率，以期全面刻画中国各省的投入产出效率，并提出相关政策建议。研究发现：① 中国资源生产率总体呈东?中?东北?西逐渐下降的格局。② 考虑环境约束后，不同省市生态效率排名变动情况不同，反映出环境污染对区域投入产出效率会产生不同程度的影响。③ 大部分省区市的资源生产率、环境效率非均衡特征明显，且区域间存在较大差异。东部除京津外普遍呈资源生产率较高而环境效率较低，东北地区资源生产率中等偏高、环境效率中等偏低，中部资源生产率中等偏低、环境效率显著偏低，西部资源生产率显著低于全国平均水平，而环境效率水平相对较好。

How to improve the economic development benefits is a significant issue to global sustainable development. Under the background of resource and ecological constraints and economic transformation in China, it is important to scientificly and comprehensively evaluate the input and output efficiency of economic development. Based on the input-output research framework and according to the progressive research approach, this paper adopts traditional SBM model, undesirable-SBM model, and the two-stage network DEA model to analyze the resources productivity efficiency, eco-efficiency, and resource productivity efficiency and environmental efficiency of two-stage system, with a view to comprehensively depict the input-output efficiency of China, and then provides some advice and suggestions for further economic sustainable development. The major findings were summarized as follows. Firstly, China’s economic efficiency decreased from the east, to central to northwest and to north. Secondly, taking environmental pollution into consideration, the ranking changes of ecological efficiency in different provinces and cities are different, which reflects that environmental pollution has different effects on regional input-output efficiency. Thirdly, the economic efficiency and environmental efficiency of most provinces are obviously imbalance, and there are notable spatial differences. Provinces in eastern China show high economic efficiency and low environmental efficiency, except Beijing and Tianjin, whose economic efficiency and environmental efficiency made some balance. Provinces in northeast China have moderately high economic efficiency and moderately low environmental efficiency, with some environmental constraints. Provinces in central China have moderate to low economic efficiency and low environmental efficiency, with obvious environmental constraints. Economic efficiencies of provinces in western China are lower than the national average, while their environmental efficiencies performed much better.

对外贸易是塑造广东省产业空间分布格局的重要力量,深入地探讨出口贸易与广东省企业集聚的内在联系机制,具有重要意义。本文从出口市场与本地市场之间的多维邻近性角度,为广东省的企业集聚发生机制提供了新的解释,具有一定的理论与政策参考价值。本文认为,企业的出口市场与本地邻近性越低,企业自身越难以远距离地直接获取关于目的市场的出口知识。在这种情况下,企业为了实现出口的成功扩张,其在空间上倾向于集聚分布,以在本地获取相关知识的溢出。基于2000—2016年中国海关进出口贸易数据,本文对广东省出口企业的外部出口市场格局以及内部空间集聚格局进行了描述,并实证测度了企业的出口市场与广东省在地理、经济、文化、政治和制度五个维度上的邻近性与企业地理集聚水平之间的关系。特别地,本文运用DO方法对企业集聚水平进行定量测度,还原了企业集聚的原始微观形态,一定程度上弥补了现有对于集聚水平测度方法的不足。描述性分析表明,一方面,广东省企业的出口市场具有多样化的特点,其扩张一定程度上遵循“邻近性”原则;另一方面,广东省的企业空间分布呈现明显的“核心-边缘”格局。实证结果表明,当出口至与本地在经济、政治和制度三个维度上邻近性较低的市场时,企业在本地更加集聚。市场间地理和文化邻近性对企业集聚水平的影响不显著。同时,该影响效应在出口市场为发达地区和发展中地区的企业样本中具有差异。

Trade has been an important force which shapes the industrial spatial pattern of Guangdong province. It is of great importance to conduct research on the relationship between export trade and firm agglomeration in Guangdong. From the perspective of multidimensional proximity between export destinations and local markets, this paper puts forward a new insight for the firm agglomeration in Guangdong, which has certain theoretical and practical significance. This paper argues that, the lower the proximity of a firm’s export destination to the local market is, the more difficult it is for the firm to directly gain comprehensive knowledge about the export destination at a distance. In this case, firms tend to agglomerate, in order to absorb the spillovers of relevant knowledge locally and achieve market expansion. Based on the data of China Customs Trade Statistics from 2002 to 2016, this paper describes the pattern of export markets and agglomeration of firms in Guangdong, and empirically measures the relationship between firms’ agglomeration level and the geographical, economic, political, institutional and cultural proximity between export destination and local market. In particular, the DO method is used to quantitatively measure the agglomeration level, which restores the original and micro form of firm agglomeration, making up for the shortcomings of the existing methods used to measure agglomeration level to a certain extent. Descriptive analysis shows that, on the one hand, the export markets of Guangdong’s firms are diversified, while the expansion of markets follows the principle of “proximity” to a certain extent. On the other hand, the distribution of firms presents an obvious “core-periphery” pattern. The empirical results show that when exporting to markets with low economic, political and institutional proximity to the local market, firms are more agglomerated. The geographical and cultural proximity has no significance effect on the agglomeration level of firms. At the same time, this effect is heterogenous in the sample of firms whose export markets are developed and developing regions.

粤港澳大湾区是全球高度城市化地区之一。本文引介巨型城市区域理论来审视粤港澳大湾区的空间结构发展,从边界、功能、核心区、区域基础设施4个维度进行分析。未来粤港澳大湾区将呈现四大发展趋势：一是去边界化趋势显著,大湾区内部边界地区将快速发展;二是产业区将成为网络化的功能区块,并取代城市成为地区参与全球竞争的基本单元;三是广佛、港深两大核心区将形成;四是轨道公交化趋势,大湾区共享交通枢纽与公服设施。按发展趋势预测,未来粤港澳大湾区空间结构将形成“两核+若干功能区”的新格局。

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is one of the most urbanized city regions in the world. This study aimed to understand the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area by applying the theoretical framework of mega-city region. We regarded the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a mega-city region and analyzed its spatial structure from four dimensions: intraregional boundaries, functional network, core area, and regional infrastructure integration. Four development trends were identified: (1) Boundary effect is reducing remarkably and border areas will grow rapidly inside the Greater Bay Area. (2) Industrial clusters become functional areas in a functional network, replacing cities to be the basic unit in global competition. (3) Two core areas can be identified, including the Guangzhou-Foshan core area and the Hong Kong-Shenzhen core area. (4) Rail transit station density tends to increase and a global transportation hub is emerging, which make it convenient for people in the Greater Bay Area to share transportation hub and public service facilities. In the end, the article presents a vision of spatial structure for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, concluding that this mega-city region will form a new structure of 'two cores and functional areas.'

信息技术成为服务业创新的关键因素,并受到国内外学术界的普遍关注,但鲜有从省域及市域层面探索信息技术对服务业创新影响的研究成果。以广东省地级市(域) 为例,运用因子分析、探索性空间数据分析、空间计量模型等实证研究方法,深入分析信息技术和服务业创新的空间分布特征和两者之间的关系。结果表明,服务业创新和信息技术均存在空间正相关性,形成全域空间的核心—边缘模式和局域空间的"俱乐部"模式。高值簇集聚区(珠三角) 的扩散效应只局限在局域"俱乐部"里面,而低值簇亦形成集聚区(粤北、粤东和粤西),体现出珠三角同东西两翼与粤北山区之间巨大的差距。在空间差异和扩散效应的影响下,信息技术和服务业创新在空间上均出现"俱乐部"内趋同、"俱乐部"间趋异的现象。空间计量回归表明,服务业创新在市域空间上具有相互促进作用,信息技术对服务业创新具有明显的促进作用,当信息技术水平每提高1%,服务业创新水平就将提高0.7158%,证明了信息技术是影响服务业创新的重要因素。

ICT is changing the relationship between service producers and consumers and is altering the established geography of service provision. Conventional approaches to services place considerable emphasis on the co-location of service producers with consumers. ICT has the potential to sever the geographic relationship between production and consumption and to produce a ‘new’ service geography. This article focuses on the interaction between ICT adoption, service innovation and location. In this research, Guangdong Province was selected as the case region given it is one of the most important Chinese opening up and reform frontier regions. The empirical data comes from the Guangdong Statistical Yearbook, etc., which covers the period 2001-2011. This article employs factor analysis and spatial econometrics techniques to explore the impact new forms of information communication technologies (ICT) have on the emerging geography of services in 21 cities in Guangdong Province, China. This research was summed up from the following five findings. First, the results identify a positive correlation between the level of service innovation and the level of ICT between the 21 cities. The analysis shows that across the province services are either dispersed or agglomerated. These differences are explained by variations in the levels of investment in ICT. Second, under the impact of spatial disparities and spatial diffusion, the spatial distribution of ICT and service innovation was convergent and divergent across the region. Third, spatial regression analysis was used to check the determinants of service innovation and this identified that service innovation was positive in mutually promoting inter-city interactions in the province. Fourth, amongst the determinants of domestic market demand, information technology, industrialization level, traffic accessibility, economic openness, the level of urbanization of service innovation is important. Fifth, the analysis reveals that the level of service innovation grows by 0.716% with every 1% growth in ICT. This has important implications for regional policy as improvements in ICT have a direct and measureable impact on service innovation and growth.

产业地理学研究产业空间分布及其动态演化规律。基于地理邻近性的集聚理论揭示了产业地理不平衡分布的内在机制。演化经济地理学借鉴演化经济学的历史视角,从历史角度考察经济活动空间分布的渐进演化机制,认为地理邻近性不是产业地理格局演化的充分必要条件,以认知邻近性为核心的多维邻近性能够提供更好的解释。本文从认知邻近视角系统地分析了中国区域产业发展与布局动态演化规律,总结出中国产业发展与布局的“关联法则”,即一个企业或区域进入（或退出）某项经济活动的概率是该企业或地区拥有的基于相关知识基础的经济活动的函数。本文全面地回顾了关联法则涉及的关键概念,梳理企业和区域尺度的实证研究成果,讨论关联法则在中国的适用性及其补充和拓展。本文指出：① 在认知邻近视角下,基于资源转换和组织学习等理论基础,关联法则研究了企业或区域发展新产业与现有产业之间的关系。② 关联法则不仅适用于中国企业和区域尺度,还会影响区域经济发展、创新和韧性等。③ 外部联系、冲击以及内部制度环境等可能会降低区域产业动态对本地产业基础的依赖性。关联法则指出中国区域需培育内生发展模式,围绕现有区域能力、技术和知识积累发展区域产业和实现区际产业优化布局与分工,逐步建立相关多样化的产业体系,增强区域韧性,支撑国内经济循环。

Geographical distribution and agglomeration of industries have been a long lasting concern of economic geographers. Some studies have stressed geographical proximity and industrial agglomeration as the key driving force of uneven distribution of industries. Recently, evolutionary economic geography, based on evolutionary economics, has adopted a dynamic and historic perspective to study the evolution of regional industrial dynamics. It argues that geographical proximity is neither sufficient nor necessary for efficient knowledge spillovers; instead, it calls for more attention to the idea of cognitive proximity as well as its importance in regional industrial dynamics. The idea is that for knowledge spillovers to take place effectively, some kind of cognitive proximity in terms of shared competencies must be in place. Inspired by this, we examine China's regional industrial development through the lens of cognitive proximity, and propose the "principle of relatedness", that is, the probability of a region to enter/exit one specific economic activity is heavily dependent on regional pre-existing economic profile and local knowledge base. This paper first introduces some key, relevant concepts, and then reviews empirical studies that are underpinned by the "principle of relatedness". Furthermore, it discusses the applicability of "principle of relatedness" in the Chinese context. Our main findings are as follows: (1) theories on resource base view and knowledge spillovers both support the existence of the "principle of relatedness"; (2) the "principle of relatedness" enables us to better understand China's regional economic development, innovation and resilience; however, (3) the effectiveness of the "principle of relatedness" may be compromised by external shocks and internal institutions. One policy implication from the "principle of relatedness" as well as our empirical research is that Chinese regions should seek to diversify related industries and enhance related variety of their regional profiles. In doing so, they are able to become more economically resilient and achieve more sustainable economic development.

The analysis of influencing factors on economic growth is an attractive scientific issue.Capital,labor power,technology or knowledge,principle and space have gradually become the analytic factors.These factors are causally related with economic output.The sectors in national economy construct the regional economic system.Each sector takes the other outputs as production factors,and supplies its own output for other sectors.The complicated demand-supply relationship integrated all sectors in national economy into an interdependent organization through the technical economy relation.Under the restriction of industrial network,various economic activities are accelerating the regional economic growth.If the sectors are regarded as nodes,and transaction activities as links,these factors could turn the demand-supply system into a complicated network.That is a new angle to research regional economic growth from industrial network.This paper maintains that both of the scale of input factors and industry are related to the structural characteristics of industrial networks,and emphasizes that it is necessary to bring these structural characteristics into the explanation framework of industrial output change.In order to do research on the essential features of industrial networks,we use the input-output tables of 42 industrial sectors in Beijing(2005) to set up a network based on industrial exchange link.And then,we discuss the efficiency of industrial networks in industrial development based on regression via moderator.It is found that: first,the specific connections in economy and technology between different industries make less industrial transaction links,and lead to the low cluster coefficient.Second,different industries have different numbers of supply-demand market.There are relatively few industrial sectors that have many supply and demand markets in Beijing's industrial network in 2005.Third,the structure parameters of the industrial network can be divided into two categories according to the influences on the industrial scale.One is the explanatory variable such as betweenness centrality.The other is the half moderator,which put emphasis on the causality between labor input,fixed assets investments and industrial scale.Meanwhile,the half moderators also have explanation function on industrial scale.