关键词: 广东客家, 建筑形态, 聚落格局, 承续性, 过渡性, 分异性

Abstract:

Hakka, categorized as a subclass of the Han majority, was in a state of migration for a certain period of time. During their migration, the cultural inertia rooted in the clan-based group collided with different geographical and social environments, which has made the Hakka people's different attitudes in the decision-making for living space. To clarify the morphological development of traditional Hakka villages in the main residential areas of Guangdong, and analyze the correlations between different village types, this study, from the perspective of typology, differentiated basic spatial types based on key spatial attributes in two aspects of micro architectural form and meso settlement layout. Then, the geographical distribution of different spatial types in the two aspects was marked and compared. From the perspective of historical geography, the Hakka's migration course within Guangdong and the relationship of inheritance, fusion and variation among different architectural forms and settlement layouts were explored through the clues of Hakka's migration routes in Guangdong. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) In the spatial construction on different scales of architecture and settlements, the decision-making for architectural forms was subject to people's endogenous culture, while settlement layouts tended to echo the local condition of society, economy and natural environment; (2) In the spatio-temporal process of Hakka's migration, the main building types spread and inherited from the upstream to the middle and downstream along major rivers, and the tributaries and routes between Hanjiang River system and Dongjiang River system promoted the gradual transition of building types with respect to the architectural scale, the degree of defense, and the patterns of spatial organization; (3) Compared with the core area of Hakka culture, the domination in the spatial organization of the central axis of Cantonese-Hakka and Chaoshan-Hakka architecture which is at the culture front has been dramatically weakened, which indicates the mutation in the clan organization towards a delayering trend with the recession in the clan branches, and in the economic and cultural cohesion of the ancestral hall; (4) From the point of the diachronic inheritance and development of spatial design concept, the control genes of spatial form should be attributed factors rather than concrete ones, and the exploration for morphological control genes on different spatial scales should be based on different clues of human and environment.

Key words: Guangdong, Hakka, architectural form, settlement layout, inheritance, fusion, variation