黄河流域国土空间开发格局优化研究——基于国土开发强度视角

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200546

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建科学适度有序的国土空间格局是实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的根本保证。基于成本-效益理论和空间均衡理论,构建国土开发限度和均衡度评估模型,研究2009—2017年黄河流域国土开发强度。结果表明：① 黄河流域国土空间开发已临近超载,可开发空间用地效益明显偏低。② 黄河流域国土开发空间差异悬殊,与国土利用的经济梯度基本吻合。③ 黄河流域国土开发供给能力总体偏低,水资源保障能力是最大约束。为此,建议：① 引导构筑流域重点保护与整体统筹的国土空间开发新秩序;② 建立流域生态格局、生态空间和一体化治理等长效治理新机制;③ 推进流域、区域以及流域内外竞合空间协同,探索黄河流域高质量发展新路径。

关键词: 黄河流域, 国土开发强度, 国土开发限度, 国土开发均衡度

Abstract:

The structure of scientific, moderate and orderly land spatial pattern is the fundamental guarantee for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the cost-benefit theory and spatial equilibrium theory, this paper constructs the evaluation model of land development limit and equilibrium degree, and studies the land development intensity of this basin from 2009 to 2017. The results show that: (1) The land space development of the study area is approaching overload, and the benefit of exploitable space land is obviously low; (2) the spatial difference of land development is quite distinct, which is basically consistent with the economic gradient of land utilization; (3) the overall land development and supply capacity is generally low, and the water resources guarantee capacity is the biggest constraint. Therefore, it is suggested: (1) to construct a new order of land space development combining the key protection with the overall planning of the river basin; (2) to establish a new long-term governance mechanism for the ecological pattern, ecological space and ecological restoration of the basin; (3) to promote the spatial coordination of competition and cooperation among basins and regions, and explore a new path of high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

Key words: Yellow River Basin, land development intensity, land development limit, land development equilibrium degree

黄贤金, 陈逸, 赵雲泰, 史敏琦, 李天舒. 黄河流域国土空间开发格局优化研究——基于国土开发强度视角[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(6): 1554-1564.

HUANG Xianjin, CHEN Yi, ZHAO Yuntai, SHI Minqi, LI Tianshu. Optimization on land spatial development pattern in the Yellow River Basin: From the perspective of land development intensity[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(6): 1554-1564.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

国土开发规模和供给能力测算指标"

一级指标名称	二级指标名称	指标内涵	备注
国土开发规模(LD)	国土开发强度(LB)	建设用地占土地总面积比例	建设用地面积／土地总面积
	人口密度指数(PE)	单位建设用地承载人口	常住人口／建设用地面积
	经济效益指数(EC)	单位建设用地第二三产业产值	第二、第三产业产值／建设用地面积
	环境压力指数(EV)	单位建设用地 $S O 2$ 和 $COD$ 排放量综合指数	$12 COD + S O 2 2 + COD × S O 2$
国土供给能力(LS)	人均耕地(PA)	人均耕地面积	耕地面积／常住人口
	资源保障指数(RS)	单位土地面积可利用水资源数量	可利用水资源量／土地总面积
	生态安全指数(ES)	地均生态服务价值	生态服务价值/土地总面积

表1

图3

表2

表3

表4

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省（区）	实际开发强度（2017年）	规划开发强度（2020年）	规划承载空间（规划开发度-实际开发度）	理论开发限度	承载程度（理论开发限度-实际开发强度）
全国	4.17	4.30	0.12	4.70	0.53
黄河流域	3.63	3.71	0.08	3.97	0.34（适度承载）
青海省	0.52	0.53	0.02	0.79	0.27（适度承载）
四川省	3.84	3.92	0.08	2.78	-1.06（超载）
甘肃省	2.17	2.23	0.06	3.78	1.61（可承载）
宁夏回族自治区	6.24	6.58	0.34	6.65	0.41（适度承载）
内蒙古自治区	1.46	1.48	0.02	2.72	1.26（可承载）
陕西省	4.71	4.88	0.17	6.88	2.17（可承载）
山西省	6.64	7.01	0.37	7.52	0.88（适度承载）
河南省	15.96	16.21	0.24	11.79	-4.17（超载）
山东省	18.26	18.45	0.19	14.82	-3.44（超载）

区域	全国	黄河流域
区域	全国	全流域	上游	中游	下游
全国	9.98	7.99	4.82	9.05	14.61

地区	国土开发规模	国土供给能力
四川省	0.24	0.46
陕西省	0.23	0.39
内蒙古自治区	0.05	0.33
青海省	0.05	0.25
河南省	0.22	0.24
山西省	0.25	0.22
甘肃省	0.11	0.21
宁夏回族自治区	0.20	0.15
山东省	0.30	0.14