后城市景观中的乡愁与地方批判：基于“珠江夜游”艺术展的图像分析

doi:10.11821/dlyj020200758

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

景观研究是地理分析的关键单元。以往景观研究往往囿于物质景观的一面,忽视了观念景观的存在。本文以“珠江夜游——后珠三角景观”艺术展为案例,采用德国符号学家弗里克的“拟态理论”和焦点小组访谈法对其展开图像和内容分析,重新审视后城市化时代中观念景观所折射出来的乡愁与地方批判。研究发现,景观是研究人地关系议题的文化图像工具;观念景观是对物质景观的拟态,是基于真实世界之上的景观;“珠江夜游”艺术展通过大量的符号和观念景观的呈现,展现了后城市化时代珠三角地区民众独特的地方感知和地方记忆,也从直观和批判的视角展现了快速变化的社会现实下城市居民和城市之间的人地关系——城市本土居民表现出一种“不离地的乡愁”,并对人地关系失调的环境进行反思。研究对城市观念景观的图像和叙事分析是对传统文化地理学物质景观分析的有效补充,有利于从人的主体视角更深入地理解城市发展及其影响。

关键词: 观念景观, 拟态理论, 乡愁, 地方批判, 广州

Abstract:

Landscape study is an important part of human geography and a key subject of geographic analysis. With the development of technology and social transformation, the types, forms and connotations of the landscape have become more and more diverse and complicated. Under the dominance of visual mechanism in post-modern society, people's impression of the city mostly comes from the city landscape. However, landscape studies in China were often confined to the material landscape, while ignoring the conceptual landscape. Through an image analysis on Pearl River Night Tour art exhibition in Guangzhou by adopting a German semiotician Uwe Flick's theory of mimesis, together with the analysis from exhibition audiences' (urban residents') interview, this article finds that nostalgia and placed criticism are two important themes among the exhibited art works and conceptual landscape. The study puts forward that landscape is a symbolic tool for studying the interaction between human beings and their environment; and the conceptual landscape is mimesis of material landscape which is based on the real world. The Pearl River Night Tour art exhibition used numerous symbols and conceptual landscape to present a unique place perception and memory of the people in the Pearl River Delta in post-urban era, and to show a critical thinking on the human-environment relationship between urban residents and the city under the context of rapidly changing society of this region. The study suggests that the use of image and narrative analysis of urban conceptual landscape is an effective method which deserves to draw more attention to landscape studies in cultural geography. It provides a deeper understanding of human-place interaction and the impact of urban development from urban residents' perspective.

Key words: conceptual landscape, theory of mimesis, nostalgia, placed criticism, Guangzhou

马凌, 陈浩然, 朱竑. 后城市景观中的乡愁与地方批判：基于“珠江夜游”艺术展的图像分析[J]. 地理研究, 2021, 40(6): 1637-1651.

MA Ling, CHEN Haoran, ZHU Hong. The nostalgia and placed criticism in post-urban landscape: An image analysis on Pearl River Night Tour art exhibition[J]. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 2021, 40(6): 1637-1651.

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符号性工具	对应议题	拟态内容	图像类型
地图	空间分析	空间距离	距离图像
景观	人地关系	地方感知	文化图像

作品	简介
	名称：- 内容：一系列的粤语熟语符号：方言作者：- 形式：现场的装潢设计
	名称：凝固的时间内容：在夕阳的映照下,一台老式电视机在播着黄山松的画面符号：黄山松、老式电视机作者：黄伟鸿形式：布面油画
	名称：XS29 内容：一个农民工叉腰站在废墟之上,眺望远方符号：农民工、废墟作者：刘声形式：纸面水彩
	名称：XS26 内容：一个农民站在污水之中,身上长着几片芭蕉叶,但大部分都已枯萎符号：农民、污水、芭蕉叶作者：刘声形式：纸面水彩
	名称：艺术计划·夕阳为民理发点内容：循环播放一段对店主梁伯的采访记录视频,展示该理发点的周边环境;现场还摆放着来自该理发点的部分器物符号：城中村、窝棚作者：喻旭东形式：装置
	名称：为什么看房内容：循环播放一段作者在不同地方看房的视频;现场还摆放着作者配合该视频而撰写的辅助性小册子符号：出租房、青年作者：秦晋形式：装置
	名称：当代景观之错误的覆加No.3 内容：废墟中仅剩下一栋摇摇欲坠的平房,就像是城市拆迁中的“钉子户”;色调为黑白符号：钉子户作者：莫希亮形式：布面油画

景观类型	对应世界	主要呈现的内容	意义
物质景观	真实世界	城市化之后的自然或社会环境	反映人地关系的演变过程
观念景观	符号世界	方言、芭蕉叶、窝棚、出租屋等社会文化符号及其相关作品	理解人地关系的互动机制