深化国际专利合作是推进“一带一路”沿线国家技术交流传播的有效途径，亦是加快技术创新、产业升级和区域协同发展的重要方式。基于PATENTSCOPE数据库，利用Mann-Kendall趋势分析检验法、社会网络分析法和地理探测器模型，本文着力探讨1990—2021年“一带一路”沿线国家专利合作网络演化与影响因素。结果表明：① “一带一路”沿线国家专利合作大致历经缓慢增长（1990—1995年）、快速增长（1996—2012年）、转型提质（2013—2021年）3个阶段；专利合作网络整体密度较低，形成了以中国为核心，新加坡、韩国、意大利、俄罗斯等为次核心的网络结构形态。② 中国与“一带一路”沿线国家多限于同类型技术合作，跨领域的交叉合作尚待强化，IPC技术合作主要集中在H04W、H04L、H04B和A61K等领域；合作频次和强度大致呈“东南亚>东欧>东亚>西欧>西亚和北非>南亚>撒哈拉以南非洲>南美洲>中美洲>大洋洲>中亚”的空间差序格局，洲际国家间专利合作空间非均衡性特征显著；中国本土企业和“一带一路”沿线国家的跨国企业主体数量均有所增长，科研院所和其他类型占比有所缩减。③ 选择32个样本国家研究中国与“一带一路”沿线国家专利合作网络演化的影响因素具有代表性，经敏感性分析说明相关研究结论具有较好稳定性，研发支出占GDP比重、R&D研究人员数量、居民专利申请量、信息和通信技术服务出口、知识产权使用费等因素对提高中国与“一带一路”沿线国家的专利合作水平存在显著正向影响，知识产权使用费、人口规模、研发支出占GDP比重、教育公共开支占GDP比重、人均GDP以及“一带一路”沿线国家首都与中国首都的距离等因素交互具有较强的正向影响。

Deepening international patent cooperation as an effective way means to promote technological exchange in countries along the Belt and Road and an important approach to accelerate technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and regional collaborative development. Based on the PATENTSCOPE database, this study employs the Mann-Kendall trend test method, social network analysis, and Geodetector model to explore the evolution and influencing factors of patent cooperation networks in countries along the Belt and Road from 1990 to 2021. The results indicate that: (1) Patent cooperation among these countries evolved in three stages: slow growth (1990-1995), rapid growth (1996-2012), and transformation toward quality (2013-2021). The overall density of the patent collaboration network is low, with China as the core and Singapore, South Korea, Italy and Russia as secondary hubs. (2) Collaboration between China and countries along the Belt and Road remains largely confined to similar technological fields, with cross-disciplinary cooperation still underdeveloped. IPC-based cooperation concentrates mainly in H04W, H04L, H04B, communication technology services, and intellectual property royalties show significant positive effects on enhancing patent. Moreover, intellectual property royalties, population size, R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP, public education expenditure as a percentage of GDP, GDP per capita, and the distance between capitals exhibits strong positive synergistic effect. The frequency and intensity of cooperation display a spatial hierarchy: Southeast Asia > Eastern Europe> East Asia > Western Europe> West Asia and North Africa > South Asia > Sub-Saharan Africa > South America > Central America > Oceania > Central Asia, revealing significant intercontinental disparities. Both Chinese domestic enterprises and multinational corporations within countries along the Belt and Road have increased in number, while the proportions of research institutions and other entities have declined. (3) Studying 32 representative sample countries captures the factors influencing the evolution of patent cooperation networks between China and countries along the Belt and Road. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the conclusions. Factors such as R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP, the number of R&D researchers, resident patent applications, exports of information and communication technology services, and intellectual property royalties show significant positive effects on enhancing patent. Moreover, intellectual property royalties, population size, R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP, public education expenditure as a percentage of GDP, GDP per capita, and the distance between capitals exhibits strong positive synergistic effect.

衷心感谢匿名评审专家认真负责的审阅指导，评审专家在文献分析、样本数据的敏感性与代表性、模型检验优化以及政策讨论等方面的详细修改建议，使本文受益匪浅。