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地理研究 >

2026 , Vol. 45 >Issue 1: 210 - 228

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj020241384

产业发展与经济地理

基于二元区位理论的企业迁移研究——以A股上市公司为例

  • 彭梓婕 , 1, 2 ,
  • 胡国建 , 1, 2 ,
  • 钟兴旺 1, 2
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  • 1.江西师范大学地理与环境学院， 南昌 330022
  • 2.江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室， 南昌 330022
胡国建（1992-），男，江西九江人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为经济地理与区域发展。E-mail:

彭梓婕（2001-），女，江西吉安人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为企业地理。E-mail:

收稿日期: 2024-12-07

  录用日期: 2025-04-27

  网络出版日期: 2026-02-04

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42501211)

江西省自然科学基金项目(20252BAC200245)

江西省社会科学基金年度项目(24JL04)

江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2400213)

收起

Research on enterprises relocation based on dualistic location theory：A case study of A-share listed companies

  • PENG Zijie , 1, 2 ,
  • HU Guojian , 1, 2 ,
  • ZHONG Xingwang 1, 2
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  • 1. School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China

Received date: 2024-12-07

  Accepted date: 2025-04-27

  Online published: 2026-02-04

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摘要

企业区位研究大多建立在“企业实体位置与注册地址一致”的设定上，然而两者分离现象愈发普遍，并促使了企业区位内涵和标准的分化。本研究基于“企业实体（总部）-注册地址”二元区位理论分析框架，考察2001—2023年A股上市公司总部和注册地址跨城市迁移及其影响因素。研究发现：① 总部与注册地址迁移的特征存在显著差异，与注册地址相比，总部跨城市迁移频次更多，且以上行迁移（由经济欠发达地区迁往经济发达地区）为主，但总部平均迁移距离明显低于注册地址平均迁移距离。② 按注册地址统计总部迁移数据存在显著偏差，公司数量、迁移频次、迁出城市数和迁入城市数的误差率分别为22.34%、27.75%、16.30%和13.95%。③ 企业因素对总部与注册地址迁移的显著性和影响方向（正负）均一致，但对注册地址迁移的平均影响系数比总部迁移高38.87%，且不同迁移组合模式会显著改变自变量的作用机制。研究结果表明，总部和注册地址的区位迁移特征、区位因子均存在较大差异，这一结果可能导致目前采用注册地址开展总部相关研究的诸多文献存疑，未来学界应重视二者的差异。

关键词： 上市公司; 总部; 注册地址; 二元区位理论; 二元Logistic

本文引用格式

彭梓婕 , 胡国建 , 钟兴旺 . 基于二元区位理论的企业迁移研究——以A股上市公司为例[J]. 地理研究, 2026 , 45(1) : 210 -228 . DOI: 10.11821/dlyj020241384

Abstract

Most research on enterprise location operates under the assumption of equivalence between a firm's physical location and its registered address. In reality, the separation of the two has become increasingly common, leading to a divergence in the conceptual meaning and empirical measurement of enterprise location. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of “corporate entity location (headquarters)-registered address”, this study investigates the cross-city migration of headquarters and registered address of A-share listed companies from 2001 to 2023 and its influencing factors. The findings are as follows: (1) There are significant differences in the characteristics of the migration between the headquarters and the registered address. Compared to changes in registered addresses, headquarters exhibit a higher frequency of cross-city relocation, a predominantly upward migration pattern (from less to more developed regions), and notably shorter average migration distances. (2) There is a significant deviation in the statistics of headquarters migration data by registered address, and the error rates of the number of companies, migration frequency and the number of cities moved out and moved in are 22.34%, 27.75%, 16.30% and 13.95% respectively. (3) While enterprise-level indicators have consistent directional effects (positive or negative) on both headquarters and registered address migration, their magnitude differs significantly. The average influence coefficient on registered address transfer is 38.87% higher than that on headquarters migration. Different migration combination modes substantially change the action mechanism of independent variables. The results reveal obvious differences in the migration patterns locational migration and locational determinants between a firm's headquarters and its registered address. These findings suggest that using registered addresses as a proxy for headquarters in existing research may be problematic. Consequently, future studies should explicitly account for this distinction.

Key words： listed companies; headquarters; registered address; dualistic location theory; binary Logistic

衷心感谢两位匿名评审专家在论文评审过程中所付出的时间和精力，专家对本文引言部分撰写、二元区位理论框架梳理、图文表达规范等方面提出了建设性的修改意见，使本文获益匪浅。

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